13.Warof年战争U.S.warspending(dollars):$1.78billionDuration:2years,8monthsU.S.militarydeaths:15,
ThenewlycreatedAmericannationwasindisputewiththeBritishEmpireintheearly19thcentury.TheUnitedStatesclaimedtheBritishweretryingtolimittradeandwereforcingU.S.sailorstoserveintheRoyalNavy,grievancesrelatedtoBritain’swarwithFrance.TheUnitedStatesalsohadambitionstoexpandintoBritish-controlledCanada.TheU.S.wasrebuffedinitsinvasionofCanadaandsufferedotherdefeats,includingthecaptureandburningofWashington,D.C.Evenso,theUnitedStateswithstoodaBritishnavalbombardmentatmilitaryinstallationsinBaltimoreanddefeatedtheBritishinNewOrleans.TheTreatyofGhentendedthenearlythree-year-longwar,withtheUnitedStatesretainingitssovereignty,butAmericawaspreventedfromexpandingnorthwardintoCanada.ThewarwasthefirstoffivedeclaredwarsbytheUnitedStates.TheWarofcostthenation$1.78billion.About15,Americansdiedinthewarfrombattlefieldwoundsanddisease.
12.Mexican-AmericanWar美墨战争U.S.warspending(dollars):$2.72billionDuration:1year,9monthsU.S.militarydeaths:13,
Foughtbetweenandthestartof,theMexican-AmericanWarcosttheUnitedStates$2.72billion,the11th-mostexpensivewarinU.S.history.TheboneofcontentionwasTexas,whichhadgainedindependencefromMexicoadecadeearlier.TexashadnotyetbeenincorporatedintotheUnitedStatesbecauseitsinclusionwouldhaveupsettheequilibriumbetweenslaveandfreestatesestablishedbytheMissouriCompromiseof.SkirmishesalongtheRioGrandeledtoclashessuchastheBattleofPaloAltothatresultedinAmericanvictories.ThewarendedonFeb.2,,withtheTreatyofGuadalupe-Hidalgo.TheaccordestablishedtheRioGrandeasthesouthernborderofTexasandtheU.S.gainedlandinpresent-dayCalifornia,Utah,Nevada,Arizona,andNewMexico.
11.AmericanRevolution独立战争U.S.warspending(dollars):$2.75billionDuration:8years,5monthsU.S.militarydeaths:4,
Theeight-yearquestforindependencecosttheAmericancoloniesjustover$2.75billionandabout4,lives.Whilethewarbeganasarevoltagainstunjusttaxation,itendedwiththecoloniesandtheiralliesdefeatingtheBritishEmpireandtheFoundingFathersrejectingthesocialandpoliticalstructuresofEuropeinfavorofarepublic.TheTreatyofParisendedthewarin,officiallyrecognizingtheUnitedStatesasanindependentcountryandestablishingitsborders.
10.Spanish-AmericanWar美西战争U.S.warspending(dollars):$10.33billionDuration:4monthsU.S.militarydeaths:2,
Oftenconsideredthefirstmediawar,sensationalizedjournalismhelpedfuelsupportforAmerica’sinvolvementintheCubanquestforindependencefromSpain.WhentheUSSMaine,whichhadbeensenttoHavanatoprotectAmericaninterests,unexpectedlyblewupin,criesforAmericaninterventionincreased.CongressofficiallydeclaredwarunderthecontextoftheMonroeDoctrine,whichforbadeEuropeaninterferenceintheWesternHemisphere.U.S.forcescrushedSpanishforcesworldwide.Thewarcost$10.33billion,andtheU.S.gainedthePacificislandofGuam,PuertoRico,andthePhilippines.Asaresultofthewar,Americaemergedasaglobalpower.
9.AmericanCivilWar(Confederacy)南北战争（美国内战）之联盟（或邦联、南军）U.S.warspending(dollars):$22.99billionDuration:4yearsU.S.militarydeaths:,(NorthandSouth)
TheCivilWarclaimed,Americanlives,NorthandSouth,morethananyotherU.S.conflict.Thewarwasfoughtprimarilyovertheissuesofslaveryandstates’rights,andittookplaceprimarilyintheSouth.TheconflictbeganafterSouthCarolinasecededfromtheUnionin.ThewarlaidwastetomostoftheSouthandlefttheregiondevastatedforyears.InadditiontofamousbattleslikeAntietam,BullRun,andGettysburg,therewasguerrillawarfareinborderstatesandareasofconflictthatinvolvedthecivilianpopulation.TheCivilWarendedtheplantationsystemandtheinstitutionofslaveryintheSouth.ItcostConfederatestates$22.99billionintheirfailedattempttosecedefromtheUnion.
8.AmericanCivilWar(Union)南北战争（美国内战）之联邦（北军）U.S.warspending(dollars):$68.17billionDuration:4yearsU.S.militarydeaths:,(NorthandSouth)
Fordecades,thelong-accepteddeathtolloftheCivilWarhadbeenabout,.ButastudypublishedinbyhistorianJ.DavidHackerraisedthattotalto,lives,thehighestbyfarofanyU.S.conflict.Thewar,whichbeganin,wasfoughtovertheissuesofslaveryandstates’rights.ConfederateGeneralRobertE.LeesurrenderedtoUnionGeneralUlyssesS.GrantatAppomattoxCourtHouse,Virginia,fouryearslater.Bythattime,thewartokeeptheUnitedStatesunitedandabolishslaveryhadcosttheUnion$68.17billion.
7.PersianGulfWar海湾战争U.S.warspending(dollars):$.6billionDuration:7monthsU.S.militarydeaths:
ThePersianGulfWar,oneoftheshortestconflictsinU.S.history,cost$.6billion,orjust0.3%ofU.S.GDPin.TensionsmountedintheMiddleEastwhenIraqidictatorSaddamHusseininvadedKuwaitinAugust.DespitecallsfromtheUnitedNationsforIraqtowithdraw,Husseinrefused.Afewmonthslater,amassiveU.S.-ledcoalitionthatincludedNATOalliesandMiddleEastnationssuchasEgyptandSaudiArabiainitiatedOperationDesertStorm.Theoffensivelastedjust42daysandendedincatastropheforIraqinFebruary.HusseinagreedtorecognizeKuwait’ssovereigntyanddestroyhisstoresofweaponsofmassdestruction,suchasnuclear,biological,andchemicalweapons.However,Husseinremainedinpower.AsthefirstmajorconflictaftertheColdWar,thePersianGulfWarwas,atthetime,heraldedasasuccessfortheinternationalcoalition.
6.WorldWarI第一次世界大战U.S.warspending(dollars):$.8billionDuration:1year,7monthsU.S.militarydeaths:,
WarbrokeoutinEuropein,buttheUnitedStatesremainedneutralforthenextthreeyears.Americanfinancialinstitutionsprosperedbylendingmoneytothe
